Journal: Toxins

Article Title: Anti-Virulence Strategy against the Honey Bee Pathogenic Bacterium Paenibacillus larvae via Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Bacterial Toxin Plx2A

doi: 10.3390/toxins13090607

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tn5 insect cell culture assay with Plx2A and inhibitors. The cells were incubated with Plx2A and inhibitors for two days, and afterwards DyLight 488 phalloidin- and DAPI-stained to visualize the F-actin cytoskeleton and the cell nuclei, respectively. Bi-nucleated cells are indicative of Plx2A activity. Mono-nucleated cells comparable to the controls are indicative of inhibitor activity as was the case for M3 at 300 µM and Acacetin at 30 µM.

Article Snippet: The cell line BTI-Tn5B1-4 (Tn5) derived from the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni (Lepidotera) was cultured at 27 °C in SF 900 II medium (Lonza, Basel, Switzerland) until confluency.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Incubation, Staining, Activity Assay

Journal: Toxins

Article Title: Anti-Virulence Strategy against the Honey Bee Pathogenic Bacterium Paenibacillus larvae via Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Bacterial Toxin Plx2A

doi: 10.3390/toxins13090607

Figure Lengend Snippet: Quantification of bi-nucleated cells in the Tn5 insect cell culture assay. Per treatment group, around 100 cells were analyzed for the number of nuclei. The percentage of bi-nucleated cells in the treatment group that received only Plx2A without any inhibitors was set to 100% and the reduction in the groups that received Plx2A with inhibitors was then determined. Bars depict the percentage of bi-nucleated cells relative to the treatment with Plx2A alone without any inhibitor. The data was analyzed with pairwise chi-square tests with Bonferroni correction comparing all treatment groups to the treatment with Plx2A without inhibitor to check for a reduction in the number of bi-nucleated cells.

Article Snippet: The cell line BTI-Tn5B1-4 (Tn5) derived from the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni (Lepidotera) was cultured at 27 °C in SF 900 II medium (Lonza, Basel, Switzerland) until confluency.

Techniques: Cell Culture